Final answer:
Bones are classified by shape into groups like long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g., carpals), flat bones (e.g., sternum), and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae), each performing unique functions in the human body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bones in the human body are classified into different groups based on their shapes, and they each serve specific functions. Here are four groups of bones and an example for each:
- Long Bones: Characterized by a longer length than width and primarily found in the limbs. Example: Femur (thigh bone).
- Short Bones: Generally as wide as they are long, providing support and stability with little to no movement. Example: Carpals (wrist bones).
- Flat Bones: These bones have a thin, flattened shape and provide protection for internal organs as well as a surface for muscular attachment. Example: Sternum (breastbone).
- Irregular Bones: Bones with complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories. Example: Vertebrae (spinal bones).
Sesamoid bones, such as the patella (kneecap), and sutural bones, found in the skull, are also types of bones but were not among the four requested.