Final answer:
A 'ruse' is a trick used to deceive, with synonyms like 'ploy' or 'gimmick.' Examples include circumventing Japanese tradition in retail and the deceitful practices of soothsayers and witches noted by Columella. The term 'cliche' denotes an overused and unimaginative trope, exemplified by the comparison of love to a 'red rose.'
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'ruse' refers to a trick or deception that is often employed to mislead someone. Synonyms for 'ruse' can include 'ploy,' 'trick,' 'subterfuge,' and 'gimmick.' One historical reference to a socially driven ruse pertains to Japanese society, where traditionally one removes their shoes before entering indoors. However, certain businesses have circumvented this custom by allowing customers to keep their shoes on, thus creating a unique shopping experience. Another example of a ruse in literature comes from Columella, who speaks out about soothsayers and witches using deceit to manipulate people, as noted in 'On Farming 8.5.'
Moreover, referring to something as a 'cliche' suggests that it has become overused and lacks originality. The comparison of love to a 'red rose' by Robert Burns is cited as a cliche due to its excessive use over time in poetry and other forms of writing