Final answer:
Streptococci are the type of bacteria that are gram-positive, appear purple from a Gram stain, and form chains of rods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bacteria described as "gram-positive, appearing purple from a Gram stain, and forming chains of rods" is Streptococci. Streptococci are gram-positive bacteria that arrange in chains and have a purple color when stained with the Gram stain. Other options mentioned in the question, such as Staphylococci, Streptobacilli, and Diplobacilli, do not fit the given description.