Final answer:
In autogenous saphenous vein grafting, other veins such as the deep femoral vein, accessory saphenous vein, superior and inferior genicular veins, popliteal vein, and the small saphenous vein can be used when the great saphenous vein is not available.
Step-by-step explanation:
When performing an autogenous saphenous vein graft, the great saphenous vein is often utilized due to its length and accessibility. However, there are alternative veins that can be used for bypass grafting if the great saphenous vein is unavailable or unsuitable. These include the deep femoral vein, which drains the deeper portions of the thigh, as well as the accessory saphenous vein, superior and inferior genicular veins, and the popliteal vein. Additionally, the small saphenous vein on the lateral surface of the leg can serve as a graft source, as it drains blood from the superficial regions of the lower leg and foot and leads to the popliteal vein.
Close to the body wall, the great saphenous vein, deep femoral vein, and femoral circumflex vein all drain into the femoral vein. The femoral vein then becomes the external iliac vein when it crosses into the body wall, showing how these vessels are interconnected and may serve as alternative conduits for vascular surgery.