Final answer:
In males, four mature sperm cells are produced from each starting cell through spermatogenesis. In females, only one mature egg is produced from each starting cell through oogenesis, with the remaining cells becoming polar bodies that degenerate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of mature gametes produced from each starting cell depends on whether the process is spermatogenesis in males or oogenesis in females. During spermatogenesis, each diploid spermatogonia undergoes mitosis and subsequent meiosis to produce four haploid sperm cells, each with 23 chromosomes. These sperm cells, after further development, become mature gametes. On the other hand, oogenesis results in one mature egg from each starting cell, with the three other cells formed during meiosis turning into polar bodies that degenerate. Therefore, in human males, four mature gametes are produced from each starting cell, whereas in human females, only one mature gamete is produced.