Final answer:
Trastuzumab, used in treating HER2-positive breast cancer, is linked to cardiotoxic effects such as decreased heart function and the risk of severe cardiac events. Close monitoring and management strategies are essential for patients on this medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Trastuzumab is a targeted therapy medication used in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Its therapeutic efficacy is significant; however, it is also associated with cardiotoxic effects, which can be concerning for patients receiving the treatment. The cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab can present as asymptomatic decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction or more severe cardiac events such as congestive heart failure. Among these cardiac-related side effects, the risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular complications may increase. Patients treated with trastuzumab are monitored closely for signs of heart problems, which may require changes in the treatment regimen. The exact mechanism behind the cardiotoxicity is not entirely understood but is thought to involve interference with HER2 signaling in cardiac tissue, as well as increased oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiac cells. Management strategies include routine cardiac monitoring and, if necessary, the use of cardioprotective medications or modification of cancer therapy.