Final answer:
The emergent layer is the top layer of the rainforest canopy consisting of the tallest trees, while the understory is the layer beneath the canopy characterized by shorter trees and dense vegetation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emergent layer is the top layer of the rainforest canopy, consisting of the tallest trees that extend above the rest of the canopy. It is also referred to as the upper canopy.
These trees have adaptations to survive in the intense sunlight and variable weather conditions, such as developing strong trunks and deep roots. Examples of emergent layer trees include giant kapok and Brazil nut trees.
The understory is the layer beneath the canopy, characterized by shorter trees and dense vegetation. It receives less sunlight due to the shade from the upper layers.
Understory plants have adaptations to capture the limited light that filters through the canopy, such as larger leaves and the ability to grow rapidly in the early spring before the canopy trees fully develop their leaves. Spring ephemeral plants like the spring beauty are examples of understory plants.