Question

Which pathophysiologic change occurs in the fibrotic phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

A. Formation of thick alveolar hyaline membranes
B. Damage to alveolar type I and II cells that make surfactant
C. Remodeling of the lung by collagenous and fibrous tissues
D. Engorgement of the peribronchial and perivascular interstitial space

Answer 1

In the fibrotic phase of ARDS, the lung undergoes remodeling by collagenous and fibrous tissues, leading to stiff and less compliant airways which impair gas exchange and decrease lung function.

Step-by-step explanation:

The pathophysiologic change that occurs in the fibrotic phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the remodeling of the lung by collagenous and fibrous tissues. During the progression of ARDS, an initial phase of inflammation and alveolar damage leads to pulmonary fibrosis where the lung's architecture is remodeled with fibrous and collagenous scar tissue. This fibrosis results in airways that are less compliant, stiff, and more difficult for air to move through, thus lowering the lung's capacity and function. The Forced or functional vital capacity (FVC) is decreased, and the exchange of gases is impeded.