Final answer:
Salicylism, also known as aspirin toxicity, can cause serious side effects, including gastrointestinal issues, increased bleeding, kidney problems, and Reye's syndrome. Aspirin acts as an anticoagulant and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, but its use should be carefully managed to avoid side effects. A physician should be consulted before beginning any aspirin regimen.
Step-by-step explanation:
Salicylism or aspirin toxicity refers to the side effects of taking too much aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. The side effects of salicylism can be quite serious and include symptoms such as ringing in the ears, gastrointestinal ulcers, increased bleeding, kidney disease, and, in the case of viral infections, a risk of Reye's syndrome which can lead to fatal brain swelling. As with many medications, aspirin's benefits, such as its role as an anticoagulant in preventing heart attacks and strokes, must be weighed against the potential for adverse effects.
Patients should be aware that the hydrolysis of aspirin produces salicylic acid, which is the active substance that relieves pain and reduces fever and inflammation. Physicians may recommend a low dose of aspirin for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure, but always with caution due to the risk of serious side effects. The reaction of aspirin hydrolysis is much faster in acidic conditions, such as those found in the stomach, which can lead to increased ulcers and gastric distress. Therefore, a patient considering an aspirin regimen should always consult with a physician before starting.