Final answer:
Patients with mitral valve stenosis and recent CHF episodes need careful intraoperative cardiac monitoring, including ECG, pulse oximetry, arterial and central venous pressure, and possibly pulmonary artery catheterization.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient with chronic mitral valve stenosis and a recent episode of congestive heart failure (CHF) requires careful intraoperative monitoring. In the operating room (OR), it's essential to monitor cardiac function closely due to the risks associated with mitral stenosis, such as reduced cardiac output and pulmonary hypertension.
Vital parameters include continuous electrocardiography (ECG) for arrhythmias, pulse oximetry for oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, and central venous pressure to assess hemodynamic stability. Invasive monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter may be necessary for direct measurement of pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output. Anesthesia management should be tailored to prevent rapid changes in hemodynamics, which could exacerbate the patient's condition.