Final answer:
Classical China's success was strongly influenced by Confucianism, which shaped social norms and state governance, while debates in the Song Dynasty reflected evolving ideologies about the role of government. Modern China sees the Communist Party adapting and utilizing Confucianism to bolster party goals, illustrating continuity in the interplay of ideology and statecraft.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classical China's success can be attributed to a complex interplay of ideological beliefs and governmental practices which supported a unique form of personal identification within the state. Central to this were the teachings of Confucianism, which emerged as a dominant school of thought and permeated various aspects of the Han Dynasty's socio-political structure. It provided a dignified role for the emperor and served as a guide for officials who used its principles to challenge wars and state monopolies and to limit female power in the dynasty. Furthermore, clans utilized Confucianism to consolidate their wealth and delineate themselves from those outside the aristocracy.
Moreover, the Song Dynasty witnessed debates on state ideology, reflecting a tension between minimal government and a robust, interventionist state. Key figures like Sima Guang and Wang Anshi epitomized this discourse, with Guang advocating for a smaller government and Anshi pushing for comprehensive reforms to address societal challenges. These debates underscore the continuing evolution of statecraft and personal identification with state ideologies in China.