Final answer:
Statement 1 matches B. Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned the 'separate but equal' precedent. Statement 2 matches A. Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed segregation and established the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject is equal education, specifically with reference to iconic Supreme Court cases in the United States that dealt with racial segregation in schools. Plessy v. Ferguson, decided in 1896, affirmed the doctrine of 'separate but equal,' allowing racial segregation to persist. However, nearly six decades later, Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 overturned this doctrine, declaring that racially segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and were inherently unequal.
The unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education marked a vital turning point in the American civil rights movement, setting the stage for further legal and social developments.
1. This case overturned the precedent of a previous case: B. Brown v. Board of Education.
2. Said that segregation (separation based on race) was allowed, coined the term "separate but equal": A. Plessy v. Ferguson.