Final answer:
The first step in the negotiation process should be developing a strategy, which is essential before defining ground rules or clarification. Option D is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step in the negotiation process should be developing a strategy. This involves understanding the core problem and crafting an approach to address it. Ground rules and clarification are important, but they come after the negotiation strategy has been established.
In politics, as in other forms of negotiation, the reality of the situation and the strategies employed by those involved are crucial for successful outcomes. Conflicts, particularly in resource allocation and values, are inherent in the political landscape, and bargaining is the tool used to navigate these disputes.
Several outcomes of political bargaining include failure to reach an agreement, thereby maintaining the status quo, and compromise, when conflicting parties agree on goals but must negotiate the details. It's clear that the ability to develop a comprehensive strategy at the outset is essential for negotiators to steer the process towards a favorable outcome. Hence, option 'd' is the correct answer.