Final answer:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have a double membrane system, create internal proton gradients through electron transport, and contain their own DNA and ribosomes. These similarities provide evidence for a common ancestry and align with the endosymbiotic theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about similarities between the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Both of these organelles have several similarities, which are outlined in multiple choice questions. The correct answer among the options provided is:
- They both create internal proton gradients by electron transport - similar to option 'b'.
- They both have a double membrane system - which both option 'c' and 'd' correctly identify.
- They both contain DNA and have their own ribosomes.
It is important to note, however, that they serve different functions in cellular metabolism. Mitochondria are involved in energy production through respiration, while chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis in plant cells and certain algae. Their structural similarities provide evidence of a common ancestry, as suggested in question 60, and these structural features are shared with bacteria, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.