Final answer:
Immigration is primarily the constitutional responsibility of the federal government, as affirmed by the Constitution and Supreme Court cases like Arizona v. United States. The correct answer to the question of which government has power over immigration is C. 1 only.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under the Constitution, immigration is under the power of the federal government. This is substantiated by various constitutional clauses and precedents set by the Supreme Court, most notably the supremacy clause of Article VI and cases interpreting immigration authorities such as Arizona v. United States. Despite states taking more active roles in immigration matters, particularly border states like Arizona and Texas, the Supreme Court has reaffirmed that federal laws on immigration override state laws, aligning with the delegated power of Congress to establish uniform rules for naturalization. The authority of the federal government is broad and undoubted, coming from its legislative power to regulate immigration as stated in the Constitution.This means that the main answer to the question is C. 1 only. Immigration federalism has seen an increase in state-level action in the field of immigration; however, federal law continues to trump state laws in this domain. The gradual movement of states into the policy domain of immigration has led to complex interactions between layers of government, but ultimately immigration remains predominantly a federal responsibility.Conclusion In summary, while states have asserted rights in the immigration policy domain, particularly in areas like education and welfare that fall under their responsibilities, it is the federal government that has the constitutional authority over immigration policies. This is based on legislative powers granted by the Constitution, supported by legal precedents, and reinforced by the concept of national supremacy.