Final answer:
The Enlightenment's main focus was on reason, scientific method (option 2), and societal progress. Founding fathers of the United States were inspired by Enlightenment thinkers, particularly John Locke and Montesquieu (option 2), whose ideas influenced the American Revolution and the Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Main Focus of the Enlightenment
The main focus of the Enlightenment was on intellectual progress, specifically in reasoning and scientific method, which was then applied to other areas such as politics, religion, and economics. The Enlightenment centered on the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress. Philosophers and thinkers of the Enlightenment sought to understand the natural laws governing both the universe and society, aiming to improve human condition through knowledge and reform.
Enlightenment Thinkers Who Inspired the Founding Fathers
The founding fathers were particularly inspired by Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Montesquieu. Locke's theories on natural rights and the social contract influenced the political ideology in the Colonies, especially relating to the justification for independence and the design of the new government. Montesquieu's ideas on the separation of powers have been woven into the fabric of the American Constitution, ensuring that no single branch would have unchecked power.