Final answer:
Socrates' strongest argument in 'The Apology' is the defense of his moral integrity and the philosophical life. He claims his actions are directed by a divine mission to foster virtue over materialism and self-examination over ignorance. His willingness to face death rather than recant his principles underscores the depth of his commitment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Socrates’ best argument to prove his innocence in Plato’s The Apology lies in defending his moral integrity and the philosophical life. Accused of corrupting the youth and impiety, Socrates delivers a defense that is both a justification of his actions and a representation of his philosophical beliefs. He argues that his entire life is an exercise of philosophy as mandated by a divine mission and that he does not believe in teaching for money or advancing personal gain at the expense of truth and virtue. Socrates highlights that through his practice of philosophy, he encourages Athenians to care for their souls and to value virtue over material wealth.
Employing the Socratic method, he examines his accusers' claims and demonstrates that their arguments lack substance. He does not waver in his commitment to what he believes to be just and right, even going so far as to suggest that if he has committed any crime, it is his refusal to lead a conventional, unexamined life. He stands firm in his convictions despite the danger to himself, asserting that he would rather die than give up philosophy and betray his moral principles. Socrates’ resolve not to flee after his sentence and his willingness to face death rather than commit an injustice solidify his argument surrounding his moral integrity.