Final answer:
The Southeast Asian states were similar in that they experienced conflict, invasion, and warfare, and were heavily influenced by Buddhism, which align with options 1 and 3. These influences shaped their development, trade, culture, and religious practices while they also maintained unique local traditions and social structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Similarities of Southeast Asian States
In what ways were the Southeast Asian states similar? The correct answers are that they experienced periods of conflict, invasion, and warfare and they were heavily influenced by Buddhism. Therefore, the answer is (a) 1 and 3.
During the periods between 300 and 600 CE, Buddhist artwork and texts influenced the development of larger states and powerful kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Buddhist scholars, known as purohita, served as advisers and played significant roles in the formation of societal and political structures. The influence also included trade, culture, and religious practices that arrived through interaction with Indian traders and scholars. Even though the systems such as the caste system did not fit perfectly into Southeast Asian society, aspects of Indian culture were nonetheless integrated selectively based on their utility for local rulers.
While often overlooked, local invention and innovation were central to Southeast Asian history. Communities were shaped by local traditions, agricultural practices, and social structures that resulted in a society that, while less stratified than India and China, was dynamic and complex. Religion and politics eventually evolved to include priestly and kingly classes with the introduction of Hinduism and Buddhism.