Final answer:
The period known as the Enlightenment sparked a belief in a world governed by fixed mathematical laws, thanks to the influence of the Scientific Revolution and thinkers like Newton. It emphasized reason over superstition and marked a shift towards scientific understanding in society.option c is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement in question, which caused people to believe that the world was governed not by chance or miracles but by fixed mathematical laws and which provided a rational explanation for the universe's functions is known as the Enlightenment. This period succeeded the Scientific Revolution and was deeply influenced by the scientific advancements of thinkers like Isaac Newton. The Enlightenment emphasized reason, scientific method, and humanism, inspiring philosophy, government, and various aspects of society to base understanding and decision-making on empirical evidence and logical thought. The movement encouraged a shift from a predominantly religious worldview to one grounded in science and knowledge.
During the Enlightenment, new approaches to knowledge emphasized rationalism and scientism. These ideas helped spur societal reforms and were critical in the lead up to events like the French Revolution and the American Declaration of Independence. The Enlightenment was significantly shaped by the contributions from different cultures, including Arabic, Indian and Persian mathematics and astronomy, which underpinned the Scientific Revolution.