Final answer:
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars were two significant conflicts in ancient Greece. The Persian War was caused by the uprising of Greek colonies in Ionia, while the Peloponnesian War was fueled by the rivalry between Athens and Sparta. Hence, option (a) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars were two significant conflicts in ancient Greece. The Persian War occurred between 499-449 BCE and was a war between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. The main cause of the Persian War was the uprising of the Greek colonies in Ionia against Persian rule. The most famous battle of this war was the Battle of Marathon, which was led by the Athenian general Miltiades. The Greeks managed to defeat the Persians in this battle, marking a significant victory for the Greeks.
The Peloponnesian War took place from 431-404 BCE and was a war between the city-state of Athens and its allies, known as the Delian League, against the city-state of Sparta and its allies, known as the Peloponnesian League. The main cause of this war was the rivalry between Athens and Sparta for dominance in Greece. The outcome of the Peloponnesian War was a victory for Sparta, which led to the decline of Athenian power and the end of the Athenian Empire.