Final answer:
Clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner, and nurse-midwife each have a specific role in advanced practice nursing.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Clinical nurse specialist - Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice such as adult diabetes care.
2. Nurse anesthetist - Provides care and services under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.
3. Nurse practitioner - Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients who are healthy or have chronic conditions.
4. Nurse-midwife - Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services.