Final answer:
The transverse foramen in the superior aspect of the axis (C2 vertebra) differs from that in the atlas. The axis has a narrower and smaller transverse foramen compared to the atlas. The transverse foramen in the axis allows for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein, which supply the brain with blood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transverse foramen in the superior aspect of the axis (C2 vertebra) differs from that in the atlas in several ways. First, the axis has a transverse foramen that is narrower and smaller compared to the transverse foramen in the atlas. Additionally, the axis has a dens (odontoid process) that projects upward from the vertebral body, which the atlas does not have.
The anatomical function of the transverse foramen in the axis is to allow for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein. These blood vessels supply the brain with oxygenated blood.