Final answer:
Classical criminology emphasizes deterrence through swift and proportionate punishment, while neoclassical criminology recognizes individual factors and advocates for rehabilitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classical and neoclassical criminology differ in their views of punishment. Classical criminology, associated with thinkers like Cesare Beccaria, focuses on the concept of deterrence. It argues that punishment should be swift, certain, and proportionate to the crime committed in order to deter individuals from committing crime in the first place. On the other hand, neoclassical criminology, associated with thinkers like Cesare Lombroso, recognizes the importance of individual factors such as mental illness, genetic predispositions, and social circumstances in determining criminal behavior. It advocates for a more nuanced approach to punishment, such as rehabilitation, with the aim of addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior.