Question

Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia. When the concentration of nitrogen is increased, the rate of production of ammonia will A glass of milk is initially at room temperature. When the milk is put into a refrigerator, the rate of the bacterial reactions that spoil milk will A fuel injector in an automobile engine emits a fine spray of gasoline. When the fuel injector is clogged it emits larger gasoline droplets and the rate of the combustion reactions occurring in s pothes the engine will Sucrose breaks up into glucose and fructose during digestion.

Answer 1

Increasing the concentration of nitrogen in the ammonia synthesis reaction of the Haber process increases the ammonia production rate. Temperature affects reaction rates, with higher temperatures accelerating and lower temperatures decelerating them, as seen with food spoilage in a refrigerator. Combustion rates can be decreased by larger fuel droplets from a clogged injector.

Step-by-step explanation:

The production of ammonia from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) is described by the chemical reaction N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g). This reaction is part of the industrial process known as the Haber process, which is fundamental for synthesizing ammonia in large quantities. When the concentration of nitrogen is increased, it disturbs the equilibrium, and according to Le Chatelier's principle, the system responds by shifting the equilibrium toward the product side, resulting in an increased rate of ammonia production. This is an exothermic reaction, meaning that it releases heat (ΔH = -92.2 kJ).

Conversely, the reaction rate is influenced by temperature. At lower temperatures, reaction rates decrease, which is why food remains fresh for longer when stored in a refrigerator as the rate of bacterial spoilage reactions is reduced. For many chemical processes, including the ammonia synthesis, reaction rates approximately double with every 10°C increase in temperature. The efficiency of combustion can also be affected by droplet size, because larger droplets of gasoline in a clogged fuel injector will reduce the surface area available for reaction and subsequently slow down the rate of combustion reaction in an automobile engine.