Final answer:
Antithrombin deficiency is best managed by D) taking anticlotting drugs like heparin and Coumadin, which help reduce the formation of blood clots. Pharmacogenomics can assist in tailoring these treatments to individual patients' needs. Gene therapy might be a future treatment but is not yet commonly used for this condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Antithrombin deficiency is a rare condition that affects the blood's ability to clot properly and can lead to an increased risk of developing blood clots. The optimal way to overcome antithrombin deficiency is through option D) taking anticlotting drugs. These drugs, including pharmaceutical forms of heparin and Coumadin (also known as Warfarin), work by opposing the effects of prothrombin and factor X in the blood clotting process, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation.
Pharmacogenomics may play a role in assisting patients with antithrombin deficiency who are at risk of Coumadin overdose due to liver function variations. By understanding a patient's genetic profile, a tailored approach to medication dosage or alternative therapies could be developed to reduce the risk of overdose, ensuring a safer and more effective treatment for those with clotting disorders.
Although gene therapy may one day offer a more permanent solution to such genetic disorders, it is not yet a widely available treatment option for antithrombin deficiency. Until then, anticlotting medications remain the primary way of managing the condition. Monitoring one's diet and vein removal are not standard treatments for antithrombin deficiency.