Final answer:
Dactinomycin functions by intercalating into DNA, inhibiting RNA and potentially DNA synthesis, leading to its anti-tumor effects. It's used to treat various cancers but is associated with toxicity in rapidly dividing cells due to lack of specificity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism of action of Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D), involves binding to double-stranded DNA and intercalating between G=C base pairs. This interaction hampers the movement of RNA polymerase, inhibiting DNA directed RNA synthesis. At higher concentrations, this can lead to DNA synthesis inhibition as well. Clinically, Dactinomycin is utilized for the treatment of various types of cancer, including solid tumors, Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and certain types of lymphomas.
However, due to its mechanism of action, Dactinomycin can cause significant toxicities, with side effects commonly seen in systems with rapidly dividing cells, such as skin, hair, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. These toxicities are a result of the drug's lack of specificity, affecting both cancerous and healthy rapidly growing cells.