Final answer:
Sleep disorders include conditions like insomnia, sleep apnea (both obstructive and central), parasomnias, and narcolepsy. Insomnia is a difficulty in falling or staying asleep, sleep apnea involves cessation of breath during sleep, parasomnias are disruptive sleep-related motor activities, and narcolepsy is characterized by uncontrollable daytime sleepiness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sleep Disorders Overview
Many individuals experience disruptions in their sleep, with some conditions being particularly severe and classified as sleep disorders. Insomnia is the most prevalent type of sleep disorder, characterized by consistent trouble in falling or staying asleep.
Treatment usually involves behavioral changes and, in some cases, medications.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by a physical blockage of the upper airway, while central sleep apnea is due to a failure of the brain to signal the muscles to breathe.
Both types can lead to serious health issues and require medical attention which might include CPAP devices or surgical interventions.
Parasomnias and Narcolepsy
Parasomnias, such as sleepwalking and night terrors, involve unwanted motor behaviors or experiences during sleep. On the other hand, narcolepsy causes individuals to fall asleep unexpectedly during the day and can include symptoms like cataplexy and vivid hallucinations. Treatment for narcolepsy may involve medication and lifestyle adjustments.