Final answer:
The Milky Way Galaxy is a disc-shaped collection of over 100 billion stars, including our Sun. It is vast and includes various types of stars and celestial matter, creating the familiar glow of the Milky Way in the night sky.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Milky Way Galaxy is best described as option A) a disc-shaped collection of more than 100 billion stars, including the Sun. Our Galaxy is a massive cosmic island consisting of stars, gas, and dust. Everything we see in the night sky, including all the stars visible without the aid of telescopes, is part of the Milky Way. The Galaxy is organized into several spiral arms and includes our Solar System.
Among the stars, we find two populations: population I stars, which are typically young and rich in heavy elements, and population II stars, which are older and contain fewer heavy elements. The Milky Way Galaxy also features a glowing band visible in truly dark skies away from city lights, providing an awe-inspiring sight that has inspired various cultural stories and legends throughout history.