Final answer:
PGAD and hyper-sexuality appear similar because they both involve chronic arousal, but they are distinct conditions with different causes, implications, and treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
PGAD (Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder) and hyper-sexuality might appear similar because they both involve chronic arousal. However, the similarity essentially ends there. PGAD is a medical condition where an individual experiences spontaneous, persistent, and uncontrollable genital arousal, which is not related to sexual desire or stimulation and can be distressing. On the other hand, hyper-sexuality is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are typically linked to an increased desire for sexual activity.
Option (b) 'They both involve chronic arousal' is what makes PGAD and hyper-sexuality appear similar on the surface, but it's essential to note that the causes, implications, and treatments for these conditions can be quite different. PGAD is not well understood but is believed to be associated with neurological issues or vascular problems, while hyper-sexuality can be a standalone issue or a symptom of another condition, such as bipolar disorder or certain behaviors induced by drugs or medication.
Therefore, the correct answer is that PGAD and hyper-sexuality appear similar because (b) 'They both involve chronic arousal'.