Final answer:
The literary term for when the audience knows something that a character does not is called dramatic irony. This technique creates a connection between the audience and the story and enhances emotional engagement. Therefore, the correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The instance when the audience knows something that a character on stage is unaware of is called dramatic irony. This is a powerful literary technique used in plays and other forms of storytelling to create a connection between the audience and the narrative.
It lends a layer of complexity to the plot as well as potentially evoking a stronger emotional response from the audience.
Dramatic irony can be seen when, for example, the audience knows the true identity of a character in disguise when other characters do not, leading to a heightened sense of engagement as the audience anticipates the characters' reactions upon discovering the truth.
Foreshadowing, on the other hand, involves hints or clues about what will happen later in the story. It sets up expectations and creates suspense. In contrast to dramatic irony, foreshadowing does not involve an audience knowing more than the characters; it is about suggesting possible outcomes.
A classic example of foreshadowing can be found in Antigone, where Tiresias warns Creon of impending doom if he does not change his ways.