Final answer:
Obesity is defined by a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m² and results from excessive fat accumulation due to a caloric intake that exceeds energy expenditure. It is influenced by hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle factors and can cause various health issues. Central obesity, where fat accumulates in the abdomen, is particularly risky for metabolic syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Obesity and Body Fat Accumulation
Obesity is an excess accumulation of body fat that negatively impacts health and is characterized by a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m². It can lead to various medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Humans convert unused energy from food into body fat, leading to obesity when the energy intake exceeds the energy expenditure. This condition is often influenced by genetic factors, but lifestyle changes involving diet and exercise can effectively control body fat accumulation.
Factors Affecting Fat Storage
Humans can store fats, with more than 60% of food calories these days coming from fats. The accumulation of fat can result from hormonal influences, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle choices such as high-calorie diets and insufficient exercise. Particularly in developed countries, the availability of high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles has led to widespread obesity.
Metabolic Syndrome and Central Obesity
Individuals who store most of their excess fat in the abdomen are said to have central obesity, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome and other non-infectious diseases. Abdominal obesity is just one indicator of metabolic syndrome, which includes other risk factors like high blood pressure and adverse blood lipid levels.