Final answer:
The three main approaches to normative ethics are Consequentialism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics. They differ in their focus on outcomes, rules, or character traits to determine moral conduct. Heroic acts challenge these frameworks and may lead to further analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question relates to the three-fold normative distinction in ethical theories, which does not account for heroic acts. The correct answer is A) Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics. These are the three main approaches to normative ethics, and they represent different methods for determining moral conduct.
Consequentialism evaluates the morality of an action based on its outcomes or consequences, aiming for the greatest good or overall welfare. Deontology assesses actions based on adherence to rules or duties, positing certain acts as intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of their consequences. Virtue Ethics focuses on the character and virtues of the individual, promoting the development of moral traits and habits.
The consideration of heroic acts, which often involve self-sacrifice and may not align neatly with any of these frameworks, presents a challenge to these theories and can lead to further analysis or the development of hybrid ethical frameworks.