Final answer:
The Victims' Bill of Rights is the measure that initially focused on the victim's rights movement and expanded victims' assistance programs. The Supreme Court's attention to the rights of the accused is considered necessary for a fair judicial system. The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act also had implications for victim protection along with broad effects on law enforcement and incarceration practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that first gave focus to the victim's rights movement and called for the expansion of victims' assistance programs is C. The Victims' Bill of Rights. This movement aimed to provide greater protection and services for victims of crimes, acknowledging that the legal system had historically focused predominantly on the rights of the accused. The Victims' Bill of Rights was a significant step in explaining the legal rights of crime victims, such as the right to be informed about court proceedings and to be heard at sentencing or parole hearings.
As for why the Supreme Court has given much attention to the protection of the rights of those accused of a crime, it is because the Constitution provides strong safeguards under the Due Process clause to ensure fair treatment in the legal system. This level of emphasis is not necessarily "unfair to crime victims" but is seen as a necessary part of a fair judicial system that balances the rights of the accused with the interests of society and victims.
The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, while not the initial focus on victim's rights, did have implications for victim protection within its expansive measures towards law enforcement and crime prevention. It was signed into law with wide-reaching effects, including the establishment of the Violence Against Women Act and provisions that affected racial and ethnic minorities, influencing the pattern of mass incarceration.