Final answer:
This scenario is an example of insider trading, which is when someone with access to non-public information about a company uses that information to their advantage in buying or selling stocks or other securities.
Step-by-step explanation:
This scenario is an example of insider trading. Insider trading occurs when someone with access to non-public information about a company, such as an employee, uses that information to their advantage in buying or selling stocks or other securities. In this case, Toby, as a senior employee of the company, has insider information about the company's financial situation and is sharing it with his friend in order to manipulate the stock market for personal gain.