Final answer:
Radical criminology, part of conflict theory, issues a call to action for changes in political and economic systems to reduce crime inequality and foster lower criminality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The issue that calls for a change in political and economic systems responsible for fostering increased levels of criminality is known as Radical criminology. This school of thought belongs to the broader category of conflict theory, which examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance.
Radical criminology argues that the capitalist system leads to social inequality, which in turn produces high levels of crime. It issues a call to action to address and reform the structures that create and perpetuate this inequality, thereby reducing the incidence of crime.