Final answer:
In APSC 100, prototypes are categorized as physical or virtual. Sketches and CAD models are virtual prototypes, while a 3D mechanical prototype and a pre-production test model are examples of physical prototypes used to test and refine the design.
Step-by-step explanation:
In APSC 100, prototypes are categorized in two principal ways: physical prototypes and virtual prototypes. Physical prototypes are tangible models that may be made from the same or different materials as the final product. They are used to understand the physical characteristics and functionality of the design. Virtual prototypes, on the other hand, are created with software such as computer-aided design (CAD) tools, which simulate various characteristics without the need for a physical model.
Regarding the examples provided, sketches would be considered an initial stage of virtual prototyping; CAD refers to virtual prototypes that are detailed and often simulate different aspects of the product; a 3D mechanical prototype of one part of the product is a specific physical prototype, and a pre-production test model is a comprehensive physical prototype that is nearly or fully representative of the final product design.
Prototypes serve the essential function of allowing engineers to test and evaluate the design against set constraints and performance criteria. This process is iterative and helps refine the design until it meets all specifications. By testing, flaws are discovered, and confidence in the product design is increased before committing to full-scale production.