Question

How do super antigens work? (S. aureus example?)

A) They inhibit protein synthesis; S. aureus produces a heat-stable toxin.
B) They enhance immune response; S. aureus produces exotoxins that stimulate excessive cytokine release.
C) They disrupt cellular membranes; S. aureus produces a heat-labile toxin.
D) They promote cellular division; S. aureus produces endotoxins that stimulate cell proliferation.

Answer 1

Superantigens cause an excessive immune response by nonspecifically activating immune cells, leading to an overproduction of cytokines. The toxic shock syndrome toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus is an example of a superantigen.

Step-by-step explanation:

Superantigens work by causing an excessive and nonspecific activation of immune cells, leading to an overproduction of cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm. This pronounced immune response can cause severe effects such as high fevers, low blood pressure, and potentially life-threatening conditions like multi-organ failure and shock. An example of a superantigen is the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) produced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Based on the options provided, the correct answer is B) They enhance immune response; S. aureus produces exotoxins that stimulate excessive cytokine release. This answer accurately describes the action of superantigens in triggering an overwhelming immune response, which is typical in conditions such as toxic shock syndrome, where S. aureus is known to produce TSST.