Final answer:
Catalase is not synthesized in the granular endoplasmic reticulum; it is a peroxisomal enzyme synthesized in the cytosol. Insulin, Hemoglobin, and Collagen, however, are assembled in the rough ER, which is involved in the production and packaging of secretory and membrane proteins, along with lipids and steroids in the case of the smooth ER.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following proteins are synthesized in the granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER), EXCEPT Catalase. The proteins Insulin, Hemoglobin, and Collagen are assembled in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), where ribosomes are attached to the membrane, facilitating the synthesis and packaging of secretory, lysosomal, and membrane proteins. Rough ER is marked by the presence of ribosomes on its surface and is involved in the production of proteins. Catalase, on the other hand, is a peroxisomal enzyme and is synthesized in the cytosol and transported to the peroxisomes.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes, is specialized in the synthesis of lipids, including steroid hormones, and is involved in detoxification processes. Therefore, a cell that makes steroid hormones would be the most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth ER.
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus of the cell nucleus and assembled into ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The rough ER is essential for the production of proteins that are destined to be membrane-bound or secreted from the cell.