Final answer:
The correct answer is b. Quantitative analysis; observable. This relates to the statistical and objective measurement of behavior in applied behavior analysis, differing from qualitative assessments more common in nuanced social science research.
Step-by-step explanation:
Percentage and trials-to-criterion are two forms of quantitative analysis derived from direct measures of observable quantities of behavior, are frequently used in applied behavior analysis. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Quantitative analysis; observable.
Quantitative data represent numerical information used to understand specific questions, such as frequency of behaviors or counts of cultural remains. This type of data can be statistically analyzed to comprehend trends and changes over time, which is valuable in fields such as quantitative sociology. Social sciences, which study society and human behavior, often contrast these methods with qualitative assessments that are geared toward more nuanced explorations of topics.