Final answer:
Mental grammar includes five key components: phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and the lexicon, which work together to enable language comprehension and production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of mental grammar encompasses the internalized set of linguistic rules that enables individuals to comprehend and produce language. This mental grammar is made up of five core components: phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and the lexicon. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning and include both root words and affixes. Syntax concerns the rules that govern the structure of sentences. Semantics refers to the meaning that arises from words and sentences. Lastly, the lexicon consists of the vocabulary of a language. Comprehending these components is essential to analyzing language and identifying any potential impairments in language function, such as those evidenced in different types of aphasias.