Final answer:
The Battle of Gaugamela was led by Alexander the Great and Darius III. It marked a significant victory for Alexander's Macedonian forces over the Persian Empire in 331 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
At the Battle of Gaugamela, the two historical figures who led their respective armies were Alexander the Great and Darius III. This was a significant conflict that occurred in 331 BCE between the Macedonian army, led by Alexander the Great, and the Persian army, commanded by Darius III.
The battle was part of Alexander's campaign against the Persian Empire, which ultimately led to its collapse and significant expansion of the Macedonian Empire. Alexander's tactics and the disciplined Macedonian phalanx played a crucial role in this decisive victory.
Noting other historical battles and leaders, the Battle of Issus occurred in 333 BCE and was similarly led by Alexander against the Persians. In contrast, the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE marked the victory of Philip of Macedon, Alexander’s father, over the allied armies of Athens and Thebes. The importance of Alexander as a historical figure is highlighted by his portrayal as the subject of a large mosaic in Pompeii, Italy.