Final answer:
The two functional components of the integument are the cutaneous membrane a. (epidermis and dermis) and accessory structures (hair, nails, and glands). These components work together to protect the body, regulate homeostasis, and provide sensory feedback.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two functional components of the integument include the cutaneous membrane and accessory structures. The cutaneous membrane is comprised of the two main layers of the skin: a. the epidermis and the dermis.
The epidermis is the thinner, outermost layer, which consists mainly of epithelial cells called keratinocytes, responsible for producing keratin to protect the body against various external factors.
The dermis is the thicker, inner layer, made up of tough connective tissues that provide strength and flexibility, while also housing various skin structures like blood vessels, sensory receptors, and hair follicles.
Accessory structures of the integumentary system, which embryologically originate from the epidermis and extend through the dermis into the hypodermis, include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Together, the skin's layers and accessory structures perform vital functions such as protecting the body from injury and pathogens, regulating homeostasis, providing sensory information, and synthesizing vitamin D.