Final answer:
Older and poorer residents primarily face gentrification and displacement, with rising rents and changing neighborhood dynamics forcing them out of their homes. This can lead to increased racial tensions and a widening economic gap, as well as overburdened city resources and services. The correct option is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The downsides that the older and poorer residents have experienced primarily include gentrification and displacement. During gentrification, property values in urban areas are increased to appeal to a wealthier demographic, often resulting in the displacement of long-term, lower-income residents.
These individuals are usually forced out due to rising rents or property taxes, which can occur in the absence of rent control ordinances. Additionally, businesses catering to the established community may also be pushed out due to increased rents or changes in the customer base.
Urban renewal efforts in the 1970s led to a phenomenon where investors purchased properties in declining neighborhoods and renovated them, pushing out the existing racial and ethnic majorities as well as small businesses. This action resulted in many residents facing limited housing options beyond poorly serviced areas.
Gentrification can exacerbate urban challenges, such as traffic congestion, overcrowded schools, racial tensions, and a widening economic gap. Moreover, the decrease in tax revenue from affluent residents moving to the suburbs puts a strain on city resources, while suburban areas benefit.
Even though there have been occasional positive outcomes for minorities through ghettoization, gentrification typically results in negative consequences for older and poorer residents within the transforming neighborhoods. The correct option is a.