Final answer:
Conciliation is not a negotiating tactic used by labor before and during the bargaining process; it is a dispute resolution method that involves a third party to help reach an agreement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tactic that is not a negotiating tactic that labor can use before and during the bargaining process is Conciliation. Labor unions have various strategies at their disposal to navigate the barganing process with employers. Collective bargaining is a formal process where labor and management negotiate working conditions and wages. Strike action can be taken when labor feels that negotiations are not yielding the desired outcomes, which is the collective refusal to work. Distributive bargaining is a negotiation strategy that involves a zero-sum game where any gain by one party is offset by an equal loss to the other party.
Conciliation, on the other hand, is usually a method that involves a third party who assists the two disputing parties to reach a voluntary agreement. This method is not directly a tactic used by labor, but rather a dispute resolution process that can be used by either side during negotiations.