Final answer:
In golf, if a teed ball falls off the tee or is knocked off by the player before a stroke is made, the player can re-tee without penalty.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a teed ball falls off the tee or is knocked off the tee by the player before the player has made a stroke at it, the correct action according to the rules of golf is: c) The player is allowed to re-tee the ball without penalty. According to the Rules of Golf, a stroke has not been made if the player has not made an intentional swing at the ball. Therefore, if the ball falls off the tee or is accidentally hit while preparing to make a stroke, there is no penalty incurred, and the player can simply re-tee the ball and play from there.