Final answer:
COX-1 plays an anti-inflammatory role by supporting normal physiological functions, while COX-2 has a role in inducing inflammation during an immune response. The selective inhibition of these enzymes through NSAIDs can lead to a decrease in inflammation and pain relief, with the consideration of potential side effects from long-term use.
Step-by-step explanation:
COX-1 has an anti-inflammatory role, while COX-2 has an inflammatory role. The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes play a significant role in the process of inflammation and pain. COX-1 is generally involved in maintaining the normal lining of the stomach, regulating blood platelets, and supporting kidney function. On the other hand, COX-2 is mainly induced during the inflammatory response and is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins that contribute to inflammation, pain, and fever. Therefore, the inhibition of these enzymes by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) leads to a reduction in inflammation and pain.
While COX-1 inhibitors can lead to gastrointestinal issues due to the protective role of COX-1 in the stomach lining, COX-2 inhibitors may be favorable for conditions where inflammation needs to be reduced without the gastric side effects. However, prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs can have undesirable consequences, such as suppressing the normal immune response to infection and, in some cases, leading to gastrointestinal, liver, or kidney damage.