Final answer:
The imagery described in the sentence is visual imagery, which appeals to the sense of sight and is commonly used in literature to create vivid pictures in the reader's mind.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of imagery described in the sentence "The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and varied constellations which were sprinkled across the astronomical landscape" is visual imagery. This category of imagery appeals to our sense of sight and is often used by writers to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind. The description of the stars and constellations enables the reader to visualize the night sky, making it possible to imagine the scene as if they were witnessing it themselves.
Visual imagery is the most common form of descriptive imagery used in literature to evoke a picture or a 'visual' representation of the scene in the mind's eye.