Final answer:
Long-term high levels of exogenous steroid use disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, leading to a decrease in natural hormone production and potentially causing adrenal insufficiency and various other health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term use of high levels of exogenous steroids can profoundly affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by disrupting the normal regulation of hormone secretion. Exogenous steroids provide a negative feedback signal to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, signaling that there is sufficient hormone in the system. This can lead to a decrease in the natural production of hormones like ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), impacting adrenal gland function and reducing the natural production of corticosteroids such as cortisol and aldosterone. Over time, this can lead to a condition known as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, resulting in various health issues such as adrenal insufficiency.
Moreover, the long-term impact of steroid use can include negative side effects such as liver damage, heart disease, high blood pressure, stunted growth in teens, and hormonal imbalances which can lead to changes in secondary sex characteristics and reproductive issues. The mental health effects can be profound as well, with potential outcomes including mood disorders, aggression, and impaired judgment.