Final answer:
Work in contemporary organizations is increasingly organized around teams and processes to better respond to rapid changes in the business environment and to capitalize on the diverse skills within teams.
Step-by-step explanation:
Work is increasingly being organized around teams and processes. As companies face rapid changes due to shifts in technology, globalization, and other factors, a team-based approach allows for a diverse combination of skills, experiences, and expertise, improving the organization's ability to respond proactively. Moreover, as organizations consider team structures, they are also taking into account the team halo effect, where teams may appear to work better than they actually do, making it essential to properly evaluate team performance.
Large organizations like hospitals and schools are faced with the paradox of needing to be nimble while also dealing with bureaucratic constraints. This has led to changes in the way they operate, with an emphasis on team and process orientation, rather than a solely functional or activity-based approach. While some organizations might still focus on functions and activities, the current trend is leaning towards integrating teams within business processes for more efficient and dynamic workflows.
Therefore, the answer to the student's question is (d) teams and processes.