Final answer:
The belief that did not align with Mesopotamian religious thought was the expectation of a rewarding afterlife; instead, they viewed the gods as capricious and they felt resigned to accept a pessimistic human existence. The correct answer is the gods were capricious and childish.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mesopotamian religion included a multitude of beliefs, one of which was that the gods were capricious and childish. This reflects a worldview in which the gods controlled the natural world and acted on very human impulses such as anger and lust. Humans were expected to both serve and appease these gods, with priests playing a crucial role in calming the deities and preventing their wrath in forms such as floods and plagues. However, the belief that did not align with Mesopotamian religious thought was that human beings could look forward to an afterlife; instead, the Mesopotamians had a generally pessimistic view of human existence and did not conceive the afterlife as a place of reward or happiness as in some later religions.